Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, canl\u0131lar\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Temel madde d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinden biri olan karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, karbonun ba\u015fta atmosfer olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlar aras\u0131ndaki dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Ancak <\/strong>fosil yak\u0131tlar ve birtak\u0131m insan faaliyetleri bu karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olumsuz etkiler. Bu durum k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi ciddi \u00e7evresel sorunlara yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Karbon, canl\u0131 h\u00fccrenin en \u00f6nemli yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Canl\u0131 organizmalar\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan protein, karbonhidrat, vitamin ve ya\u011f gibi organik maddelerin ortak bile\u015fenleri aras\u0131nda bulunur. Ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flayan enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve biyolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin temelinde karbon yer al\u0131r. Bu nedenle karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc; canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kazanmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fam\u0131n devam edebilmesi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kritiktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, madde d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Ekosistemde bulunan t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenlerinden biri olan karbonun s\u00fcrekli hareket etme olay\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc; biyosfer, pedosfer, jeosfer, hidrosfer ve atmosfer katmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Jeolojik ve biyolojik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olan karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc; solunum, fotosentez, a\u015f\u0131nma, ayr\u0131\u015fma, yakma ve beslenme gibi ya\u015fam faaliyetleri sonucunda meydana gelir. Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ayr\u0131ca h\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ve yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc olmak \u00fczere kendi i\u00e7inde ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0131zl\u0131 Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
H\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc temel olarak karbonun bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi boyunca d\u00f6ng\u00fcden ge\u00e7mesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle h\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, karbonun d\u00fcnyadaki ya\u015fam formlar\u0131 ya da biyosferdeki hareketidir. Bu bilgi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her y\u0131l 1.000 ila 100.000 milyon metrik ton aras\u0131nda karbon, h\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnden ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ana bile\u015fenlerini fitoplanktonlar (okyanustaki mikroskobik organizmalar) ve bitkiler olu\u015fturur. Bitkiler ve fitoplanktonlar, atmosferdeki karbondioksiti emerek h\u00fccrelerine al\u0131r. Bitkiler karbondioksitin bir k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ve g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen enerjiden yararlanarak glikoz ve oksijen \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Reaksiyonda sal\u0131nan karbondioksit genellikle atmosfere kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bitkilerin karbondioksiti oksijene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme olay\u0131 kimyasal bir reaksiyondur ve \u015fu \u015fekilde form\u00fclize edilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + enerji –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bitkilerin ve fitoplanktonlar\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6ng\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, di\u011fer canl\u0131lar\u0131n enerji sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla bitkileri t\u00fcketmesi de h\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne zemin haz\u0131rlar. Bitkilerin ve planktonlar\u0131n t\u00fcketilmesiyle dokular\u0131nda bulunan bitki \u015fekeri par\u00e7alan\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6neminin sonuna gelen bitkiler ile planktonlar \u00f6l\u00fcr ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu durumda oksijen \u015fekerle birle\u015ferek su, karbondioksit ve enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu kimyasal tepkime de \u015fu \u015fekilde form\u00fclize edilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CH 2 O + O 2 = CO 2 + H 2 O + enerji<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, temel olarak bitki ya\u015fam\u0131yla paralellik g\u00f6sterir. Bu nedenle bitkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ya da \u00f6l\u00fcp \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde etkili olan mevsimler, h\u0131zl\u0131 karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede k\u0131\u015f mevsimi ya\u015fan\u0131rken az say\u0131da bitki b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \u00d6len ya da \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyen bitki say\u0131s\u0131 ise \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r. Bu durumda atmosferdeki karbondioksit oran\u0131 y\u00fckselir. \u0130lkbahar\u0131n gelmesiyle bitkiler yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcme d\u00f6nemine girer. Bu mevsimde atmosferdeki karbondioksit oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Yava\u015f Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Karbonun, bir dizi tektonik aktivite ve kimyasal reaksiyon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla girdi\u011fi d\u00f6ng\u00fc, yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn temelinde karbonun; toprak, kayalar, okyanus ve atmosfer aras\u0131nda hareket etmesi yatar. Karbon, bu katmanlar aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a yava\u015f hareket eder ve bu d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc tamamlamas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 100-200 milyon y\u0131l s\u00fcrer. Ortalama olarak her y\u0131l 10-100 milyon metrik ton karbon, yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnden ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde karbonun atmosferden litosfere hareketi ya\u011fmurla ba\u015flar. Atmosferdeki karbon suyla birle\u015fip zay\u0131f bir asit (karbonik asit) olu\u015fturur ve ya\u011fmurla beraber yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fer. Ya\u011fmurun i\u00e7indeki bu asit, kayalar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye ba\u015flar. Bu kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nma sonucunda potasyum, kalsiyum, sodyum ve magnezyum iyonlar\u0131 serbest kal\u0131r. Serbest kalan iyonlar da nehirler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla okyanuslara ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Okyanustaki kalsiyum iyonlar\u0131, bikarbonat iyonlar\u0131yla birle\u015ferek kalsiyum karbonat\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kalsiyum iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n, kalsiyum karbonata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan organizmalar (mercanlar ve planktonlar gibi) \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra deniz taban\u0131na batar. Bu organizmalar\u0131n tortu ve kabuklar\u0131 da zamanla kayaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Olu\u015fan kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 ve t\u00fcrevleri de karbonunun depolanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbon i\u00e7eren kaya t\u00fcrlerinin %80’i bu kimyasal tepkime sonucunda meydana gelir. Kalan %20’lik k\u0131s\u0131m organik karbon i\u00e7erir. \u00c7amur katmanlar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclen canl\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bu organik karbon, bas\u0131nc\u0131n ve \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle milyonlarca y\u0131l boyunca s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda tortul kaya\u00e7lar olu\u015fur. Baz\u0131 \u00f6zel durumlarda tortul kaya\u00e7lar yerine k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011fal gaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar da olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 kayalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ise kabuklu deniz canl\u0131lar\u0131ndan gelen karbonat ve bikarbonatlar, karalardan gelen karbonlarla birle\u015fir. Deniz taban\u0131ndaki tortullara aktar\u0131larak burada depolanabilir. Depolanan bu karbon, atmosfer yeniden karbona ihtiyaca duyana kadar y\u00fczlerce hatta binlerce y\u0131l deniz taban\u0131nda bekleyebilir. Atmosferdeki karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla okyanustan atmosfere karbondioksit gaz\u0131 verilerek yeniden karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne d\u00e2hil edilir. Ayr\u0131ca bu durumun tam tersi de ya\u015fanabilir. Atmosferdeki karbon oran\u0131 y\u00fckseldi\u011finde okyanuslar fazla karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131 emer ve depolama yapmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir di\u011fer t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de volkanlar olu\u015fturur. D\u00fcnyadaki su ve kara y\u00fczeyleri, hareket h\u00e2lindeki kabuk levhalar \u00fczerinde konumlan\u0131r. Bu levhalar \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biri di\u011ferinin alt\u0131na batar. Bu jeoloji olay\u0131 sonucunda levhan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayalar, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 ve \u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda erir. Is\u0131nan kayalar da silikat minerallerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Volkanlar patlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gaz\u0131 atmosfere bo\u015falt\u0131r ve karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in topra\u011f\u0131 taze silikat kayayla ku\u015fat\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde her y\u0131l volkanik patlamalar\u0131n etkisiyle 130 ila 380 milyon metrik ton karbondioksit atmosfere yay\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n fosil yak\u0131t kullanarak yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbondioksit miktar\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 milyar tondur. Yani volkanik patlamalar sonucunda olu\u015fan karbondioksit miktar\u0131ndan 100 ila 300 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak do\u011fa; atmosfer, kara ve okyanus aras\u0131ndaki bu karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenler. Bu duruma \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse volkanik patlamalardan kaynakl\u0131 olarak atmosferdeki karbondioksit miktar\u0131 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterirse s\u0131cakl\u0131klar da artar ve d\u00fcnyaya daha fazla ya\u011f\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fer. Ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n etkisiyle daha fazla kaya erir. Ayr\u0131ca okyanus taban\u0131na fazla miktarda karbon b\u0131rakacak kadar iyon olu\u015fturur. Yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kimyasal a\u015f\u0131nma yoluyla tekrar dengelenmesi ortalama birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin y\u0131l s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc biraz daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde tamamlayan s\u00fcre\u00e7ler de bulunur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan katman okyanustur. Suyun havayla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fti\u011fi noktada karbondioksit, atmosferle s\u00fcrekli bir de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7inde okyanusa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131r. Okyanusa giren karbondioksit su molek\u00fclleriyle kimyasal bir tepkimeye girer ve hidrojenin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur. Bunun sonucunda okyanus daha asitli bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. Hidrojen de kaya a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sonucu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan karbonatla tepkimeye girerek bikarbonat iyonlar\u0131 \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak karbon bir\u00e7ok yolla atmosferde d\u00f6ng\u00fcye girer. H\u0131zl\u0131 ve yava\u015f karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde canl\u0131lar\u0131n hem dolayl\u0131 hem do\u011frudan etkisi bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc Sa\u011flayan Ana S\u00fcre\u00e7ler Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan baz\u0131 temel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler bulunur. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fotosentez: <\/strong>Bitkiler fotosentez yaparak oksijen ve besin \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, su ve karbondioksit kullan\u0131r. Fotosentez s\u00fcrecinde atmosferde bulunan karbondioksit, bitkilerin dokular\u0131nda depolan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Solunum: <\/strong>D\u00fcnyada ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar solunum yoluyla besinleri par\u00e7alar ve enerji \u00fcretir. Solunum s\u00fcrecinde bitkilerin depolad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbondioksit yeniden atmosfere sal\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yanma: <\/strong>Ba\u015fta fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer yang\u0131nlar da atmosfere daha fazla karbondioksit sal\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6keltme: <\/strong>Okyanuslarda yer alan karbondioksit, zamanla karbonat ve bikarbonat iyonlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu iyonlar okyanus taban\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6ker ve karbondioksit depolan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Suda \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnme: <\/strong>Karbondioksit yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir, karbonat ve bikarbonat iyonlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u0131k \u00dcretimi: <\/strong>\u0130nsanlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n at\u0131klar\u0131 karbondioksit, metan ve di\u011fer sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. At\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fcnyesindeki bu gazlar atmosfere sal\u0131n\u0131p sera etkisine sebep olurken karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc meydana getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yeralt\u0131na G\u00f6m\u00fclme: <\/strong>Hayvan ve bitki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 milyonlarca y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde fosil yak\u0131tlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131larak enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi karbondioksitin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ve karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tamamlanmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Karbon Nerelerde Depolan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Karbon, d\u00f6ng\u00fcye girmedi\u011fi ve karbondioksit olarak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda depolan\u0131r. Karbonun depolama alanlar\u0131 genel olarak atmosfer, su k\u00fctleleri ve yer k\u00fcredir. Karbon yer k\u00fcrede genellikle petrol, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve kire\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunur. Atmosferde karbondioksit olarak bulunan karbon, suda da hem karbondioksit hem bikarbonat olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbonun depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
Atmosfer,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Okyanus y\u00fczeyi ve derinlikleri,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Kerojen,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Biyosfer (canl\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fc biyok\u00fctle),<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Fosil yak\u0131tlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm depolama alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki karbon miktar\u0131 zamanla de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin alt\u0131nda biyolojik, kimyasal, fiziksel ve jeolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7ler yatar. Ancak alanlar aras\u0131ndaki karbon miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fse de ekosistemler aras\u0131ndaki karbon al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi son derece dengelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, d\u00fcnyadaki ya\u015fam\u0131n sekteye u\u011framamas\u0131 i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Gezegendeki karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131 ba\u015fta biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin yitirilmesi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olmak \u00fczere birtak\u0131m \u00e7evresel sorunlar meydana getirir. Bunun sonucunda da canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam alan\u0131 tehdit edilmeye ba\u015flar. Bu nedenle karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sorunsuz bir bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekir. Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir h\u00e2le gelmesi i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekten bireysel bilin\u00e7 kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar yo\u011fun bir u\u011fra\u015f gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve ormanlar\u0131n tahrip edilmesi karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlar. Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fidir. \u00d6zellikle sera gaz\u0131 emisyonu sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131, atmosferdeki karbondioksit miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na sebep olur. Bunun sonucunda da iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve k\u00fcresel boyuttaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131z kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmamas\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyadaki ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ad\u0131na enerji verimlili\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 azalt\u0131lmal\u0131, orman ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle olas\u0131 \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atmosferdeki Karbon Olu\u015fumunu Hangi Fakt\u00f6rler Etkiler?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Atmosferde genellikle karbondioksit olarak bulunan karbon, canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131daki eylemi sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu eylemlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda solunum, fotosentez, yanma ve fosil olu\u015fumu yer al\u0131r. Karbon olu\u015fumunu etkileyen di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rler de \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
Yanarda\u011flarda meydana gelen volkanik patlamalar,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
H\u00fccresel solunum,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Su y\u00fczeylerinin hareketlili\u011fi,<\/li>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nsan ve \u015eirket Faaliyetlerinin Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne Etkisi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Sanayi devriminin meydana gelmesi ve end\u00fcstri faaliyetlerinin h\u0131z kazanmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkisinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede insan faaliyetlerinin karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerindeki do\u011frudan ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131yla karbon jeoferden atmosfere do\u011frudan transfer edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da yanl\u0131\u015f arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve orman tahribat\u0131 takip eder. Bu iki temel yanl\u0131\u015f eylem sonucunda atmosferdeki karbondioksit miktar\u0131 artar ve bu durum \u00e7evresel sorunlara zemin haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131yla beraber tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n verimli kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi konusunda da insanlar\u0131n bilin\u00e7lendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sanayile\u015fmeyle de ilintili olan bir di\u011fer insan etkisi de kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden ge\u00e7erek \u00e7imentoya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesidir. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm neticesinde kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131ndaki kobalt serbest kal\u0131r. Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyen bir ba\u015fka insan faaliyeti de okyanuslarda meydana gelen karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak bu do\u011frudan de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok dolayl\u0131 bir etkidir. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131yla birlikte y\u00fcksek okyanus s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fur ve okyanustaki ekosistem de de\u011fi\u015fir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da atmosferin karbonu emme g\u00fcc\u00fc azalabilir ve biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik negatif anlamda etkilenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
End\u00fcstri s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u015firket faaliyetlerinin de karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 kullanan \u015firketler, karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne do\u011frudan etki eder. Bu nedenle \u015firketlerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmesi ya da enerji verimlili\u011fine dair stratejiler geli\u015ftirmesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eirketlere dair bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli husus da kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi konusunda izledikleri politikalard\u0131r. \u015eirketlerin; kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc dikkate almalar\u0131, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm konusunda hassas davranmalar\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek negatif \u00e7evresel etkileri asgari d\u00fczeye indirgemeleri gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc Etkilemenin Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n, kurumlar\u0131n ve \u015firketlerin faaliyetleri sonucu artan karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131n bir yere gitmesi gerekmektedir. \u015eimdiye kadar artan karbonun %55’i okyanus ve kara bitkileri taraf\u0131ndan absorbe edilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer %45’lik fazla karbon da atmosferde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zamanla okyanuslar ve kara bitkileri de kalan karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu alacakt\u0131r fakat bu miktar\u0131n %20’si binlerce y\u0131l atmosferde kalmaya devam edebilir. Temel olarak karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin tamam\u0131 hem canl\u0131lar\u0131 hem onlar\u0131n ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Atmosferdeki Etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karbondioksit d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden \u00f6nemli bir gazd\u0131r. Bu nedenle ba\u015fta karbondioksit olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli halokarbonlar ve metan gibi sera gazlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olur. Hi\u00e7 sera gaz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durumda d\u00fcnya donmu\u015f olurdu ve gere\u011finden \u00e7ok fazla sera gaz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 400 derecelere ula\u015fmas\u0131na neden olurdu. Bu sebeple sera gaz\u0131n\u0131n atmosferdeki dengesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 da baz\u0131 etkileri beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu etkilerden biri artan s\u0131caklar nedeniyle okyanuslardan daha fazla suyun buharla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Buharla\u015fmayla hava k\u00fctleleri geni\u015fler ve daha y\u00fcksek nem oranlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak atmosferdeki karbon oran\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem art\u0131\u015f\u0131 da devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karadaki Etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karada yeti\u015fen bitkiler, insanlar\u0131n atmosfere sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbondioksitin miktar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %25’ini emmi\u015ftir ancak bitkilerin absorbe etti\u011fi karbon miktar\u0131 her y\u0131l farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda atmosferde bitkilerin fotosentezde kullanabilece\u011finden daha fazla karbondioksit bulunmas\u0131 bitkilerin daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine zemin haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. Bu olay karbon g\u00fcbrelemesi olarak da bilinmektedir. Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u015fka bir \u00e7evresel sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e atmosferdeki karbon oran\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda bitkilerin y\u00fczde 12 ila y\u00fczde 76 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karadaki karbon emilimini de\u011fi\u015ftiren unsurlardan biri de tar\u0131m arazilerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131yla alakal\u0131d\u0131r. Modern tar\u0131mla beraber daha az arazide daha fazla yiyecek yeti\u015ftirme d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kullan\u0131lmayan tar\u0131m arazileri da ormana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye devam etmektedir. Bu ormanlar \u00e7ok daha fazla karbon depolamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok noktas\u0131nda orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131narak karbonun atmosfere kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmektedir. Kara bitkilerinin geli\u015fimi ve ormanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 da insan kaynakl\u0131 artam karbon miktar\u0131n\u0131n emilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Tropikal b\u00f6lgelerdeyse durum daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nlenemeyen orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 sonucunda ormanlar yok edilmektedir ve karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine zemin haz\u0131rlamas\u0131 da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ihtimaldir. Karbondioksit etkisiyle artan s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem, mevsimlerin uzamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu durum toprak \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na da sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Toprak \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman organik maddeler \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr, karbon da metan ve karbondioksit formunda atmosfere yay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okyanustaki Etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130nsan kaynakl\u0131 artan karbondioksitin yakla\u015f\u0131k %30’u do\u011frudan kimyasal de\u011fi\u015fim yoluyla okyanusa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okyanustaki karbondioksit miktar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 asit oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na da neden olmu\u015ftur. Okyanus suyunun asitlenmesinin iki farkl\u0131 sonucu bulunur. Birincisi, karbonik asidin sudaki karbonat iyonlar\u0131yla kimyasal tepkimeye girmesi sonucunda bikarbonat olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum baz\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n kabuk olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu kalsiyum karbonat miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir. Bunun sonucunda hayvanlar\u0131n kabuklar\u0131 da daha ince ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan bir h\u00e2le gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kinci dikkat \u00e7eken sonu\u00e7sa suyun asit oran\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla kalsiyum karbonat\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de artmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle uzun vadede okyanus daha fazla karbondioksit emebilir h\u00e2le gelir. Fakat ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde okyanus suyunun asitlenmesi, deniz organizmalar\u0131n\u0131n kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine ve zay\u0131flamas\u0131na da neden olur. Okyanus suyunun \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 ayr\u0131ca serin ve besin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin sularda b\u00fcy\u00fcme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulan fitoplanktonlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na da sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
QuickCarbon ile Karbon Ayak \u0130zinizi Hesaplay\u0131n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
QuickCarbon olarak kurumsal kimli\u011finize \u00e7evre dostu bir imaj kazand\u0131rmak ve firman\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in ISO 14064-1:2018 Standard\u0131 ve GHG Protocol\u2019e g\u00f6re hesaplama ve raporlama \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri geli\u015ftiren bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m sunuyoruz. Siz de QuickCarbon ile kurumsal ayak izinizi hesaplayabilir, daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir gelecek i\u00e7in gerekli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, canl\u0131lar\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Temel madde d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinden biri olan karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, karbonun ba\u015fta atmosfer olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlar aras\u0131ndaki dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Ancak fosil yak\u0131tlar ve birtak\u0131m insan faaliyetleri bu karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olumsuz etkiler. Bu durum k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi ciddi \u00e7evresel sorunlara da yol a\u00e7ar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1243,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[52,33],"class_list":["post-1242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-karbon-dongusu","tag-karbon-emisyonu"],"yoast_head":"\n
Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc Nedir? - QuickCarbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, canl\u0131lar\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Temel madde d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinden biri olan karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, karbonun ba\u015fta atmosfer olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlar aras\u0131ndaki dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Ancak fosil yak\u0131tlar ve birtak\u0131m insan faaliyetleri bu karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olumsuz etkiler. Bu durum k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi ciddi \u00e7evresel sorunlara da yol a\u00e7ar\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quickcarbon.com\/tr\/blog\/karbon-dongusu-nedir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Karbon D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc Nedir? - QuickCarbon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, canl\u0131lar\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Temel madde d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinden biri olan karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, karbonun ba\u015fta atmosfer olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlar aras\u0131ndaki dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Ancak fosil yak\u0131tlar ve birtak\u0131m insan faaliyetleri bu karbon d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olumsuz etkiler. 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