{"id":1740,"date":"2024-12-16T14:50:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T11:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.quickcarbon.com\/tr\/?p=1740"},"modified":"2024-12-23T15:44:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T12:44:18","slug":"gunes-santralleri-nasil-calisir-ve-avantajlari-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quickcarbon.com\/tr\/blog\/gunes-santralleri-nasil-calisir-ve-avantajlari-nelerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcne\u015f Santralleri Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve Avantajlar\u0131 Nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelede yeni hedefler belirleniyor ve eylem planlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. S\u0131f\u0131r emisyona ula\u015fma konusunda hassasiyet g\u00f6steren \u00fclkeler yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fctmeye ve nihayetinde fosil yak\u0131t ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bunun i\u00e7in de g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na talep g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini en \u00e7ok kullanan \u00fclkeler s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda 710 GW ile ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri 200 GW ile ikinci ve Almanya ise 90 GW ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada bulunuyor. G\u00fcne\u015fin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle d\u00fcnyadaki g\u00fcne\u015f santrallerinin artmas\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelede umut vadedici bir geli\u015fme. Gelin, g\u00fcne\u015f santrallerinin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ne gibi avantajlar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na birlikte bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015f Santralleri Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi santralleri; g\u00fcne\u015ften gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ve ultraviyole radyasyondan olu\u015fan g\u00fcne\u015f radyasyonunu fotovoltaikler gibi do\u011frudan veya g\u00fcne\u015f termik santralleri gibi dolayl\u0131 olarak elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilen sistemlerdir. Bu iki sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi kuleleri ve g\u00fcne\u015f havuzlar\u0131 gibi yenilik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar da g\u00fcne\u015f santrallerine \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir. G\u00fcne\u015f santrallerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleriyse \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Termik G\u00fcne\u015f Santralleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini termodinamik \u00e7evrim yoluyla elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olan tesisler g\u00fcne\u015f termik santrali olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015ften gelen radyasyonun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sistemde termal olarak iletken \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131yan bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve buhara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fene dek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olu\u015fan buhar genellikle bir t\u00fcrbinle beslenir ve termal enerjinin mekanik enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in bir alternat\u00f6r kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Nihayetinde elektrik \u00fcretilmi\u015f olur. Bu termodinamik d\u00f6ng\u00fc tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda buhar\u0131n yeniden s\u0131v\u0131 h\u00e2lini kazanmas\u0131 bir kondansat\u00f6r arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla olur. Bu d\u00f6ng\u00fc tekrarland\u0131k\u00e7a elektrik \u00fcretimi devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015f termik santralleri do\u011frusal yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri, parabolik oluk sistemleri ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7anaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak olu\u015fturulabilir. Bu g\u00fcne\u015f termik santrallerinin detaylar\u0131ysa \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frusal Yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma Sistemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frusal yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemlerini kullanan g\u00fcne\u015f termik santrallerinde geni\u015f alanlara g\u00fcne\u015f izleme aynalar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirilir. U \u015feklindeki aynalar, yani do\u011frusal yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri (fresnel reflekt\u00f6r sistemleri) genellikle kuzey-g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hizalan\u0131r. Bu da g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00dczerine al\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcp\u00fc yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir hareket kabiliyeti bulunan do\u011frusal yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemleri, g\u00fcne\u015fin hareketlerini do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde takip eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parabolik Reflekt\u00f6rler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parabolik \u015fekilli reflekt\u00f6rler kullanan bu sistemler, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 seviyelerinin 30 ila 100 kat\u0131n\u0131 kolekt\u00f6re odaklayabilir. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun parabolik aynalardan yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve aynan\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu boyunca uzanan al\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcplere odaklan\u0131r. Yans\u0131t\u0131lan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 t\u00fcplerin i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli olarak akan s\u0131v\u0131y\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r. Buhar t\u00fcrbini jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcyse suyu kaynatarak elektrik \u00fcretmek \u00fczere bir \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcne g\u00f6nderir. Bu, sistemlerin g\u00fcne\u015fin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re e\u011filebilir ve g\u00fcne\u015ften maksimum enerjiyi alabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7anak\/Motor Sistemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ayna kapl\u0131 y\u00fczeyleri bulunan devasa \u00e7anaklarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan g\u00fcne\u015f termik santralleri, parabolik ve do\u011frusal sistemlerle benzerlikler g\u00f6sterir. Ayna kapl\u0131 y\u00fczey taraf\u0131ndan toplanan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretmek \u00fczere \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131n merkez konumunda bulunan bir termal al\u0131c\u0131da toplan\u0131r. Bir motor jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcne aktar\u0131lan bu \u0131s\u0131 pistonlar\u0131n\u0131 hareket ettirerek mekanik bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturur ve bir jenerat\u00f6r ya da alternat\u00f6r arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elektrik \u00fcretilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fotovoltaik G\u00fcne\u015f Santralleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fotonlar ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k enerjisi, fotovoltaik sistemlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan temel unsurlard\u0131r. Fotovoltaik g\u00fcne\u015f santralleri, fotovoltaik \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131yan veya silikondan \u00fcretilmi\u015f g\u00fcne\u015f pilleri kullan\u0131yor olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kolekt\u00f6rlerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 termal santrallerden ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fotovoltaik h\u00fccrelerin d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131nda bulunan elektronlar do\u011fru ak\u0131m elektrik \u00fcretebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki radyasyonu emer. Fotovoltaik panellerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fccrelerin seri olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir ve bunun i\u00e7in de tek bir mod\u00fcle entegre edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcne\u015f panelleri paralel olarak ba\u011flan\u0131r ve bir ak\u0131m invert\u00f6r\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olan diziler, fotovoltaik h\u00fccrelerin y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi ak\u0131m\u0131 alternatif enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. E\u011fer \u00fcretilen elektri\u011fin t\u00fcketim noktalar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in \u015febeke hatlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 gerekiyorsa bir transformat\u00f6r arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla voltaj\u0131n ve yo\u011funlu\u011fun kontrol edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fotovoltaik g\u00fcne\u015f santralleri, kristal g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri ve ince film g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri kullan\u0131larak kurulabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n